Jorge Semprún
A son of the embattled Spanish Republic and the French Resistance who spent two years in Buchenwald, Jorge Semprun used his wartime and post-war experience as the source of several novels and screenplays. His first venture into the film world came with the script for Alain Resnais' "La Guerre est finie" (1966); another notable collaboration was on Costa-Gavras' "Z" (1969). Semprun also directed one film, "The Two Memories" (1974). He was appointed Spanish Minister of Culture in July 1988.